General information on wheel alignment

AR40.20-B-0201B

General information on wheel alignment

01.07.2019

Model

386.0/3

Model

388.0/3

Model

682.0/1/3

Model

693.0/1/2/3

Model

694.0

Model

695.0

Model

696.0/3

Model

958.0/1/2/4

Model

979.0

Modification notes

18.06.2019

Camber

BE40.20-B-1001-11G

18.06.2019

Kingpin inclination

BE40.20-B-1002-11G

18.06.2019

Caster

BE40.20-B-1003-11G

18.06.2019

Wheel alignment

BE40.20-B-1004-11G

25.06.2019

Camber

BE40.20-B-1001-11G

25.06.2019

Kingpin inclination

BE40.20-B-1002-11G

25.06.2019

Caster

BE40.20-B-1003-11G

25.06.2019

Wheel alignment

BE40.20-B-1004-11G

01.07.2019

Camber

BE40.20-B-1001-11G

1

Calibrate the tires observing the pressure table according to the weight of the load to be transported

 Tires must be calibrated only when they are in ambient temperature.

 Check the conditions of suspension components, hub bearings, tie rod end, springs bushings and steering knuckle bushing for any wear or clearances.
Clearances in these components can change the angle values of the steering geometry.

 Observe the coincidence of the assembly reference marks on the arm and face of the top end of the steering box sector shaft.

 Observe that tires worn of the same axle must be equal.

 Values of weight, pressure and maximum speed are engraved on the sidewall of the tire.

Preparation for inspections

2

Place the front wheels of the vehicle in the center of the rotating plates, driving it forward in a straight line

 Observe the perfect leveling of the rotating plates.
Maximum difference between the plates: 1 mm

Observe also the leveling between the bearing sides of both front wheels on the rotating plates and the bearing side of the rear wheels on the ground, if necessary:



Place shims/wedges with the same thickness of the plates under the rear wheels for leveling.

3

Install and center the suspension and geometry verification devices in the front and rear wheels of the vehicle

 For installation of device components and correct verification sequence, follow the guidelines in the manufacturer's manual.

When checking the steering geometry and alignment of the axles in vehicles equipped with 03 axles (6X2):



Checking devices must be installed on the front axle and rear axle of traction, the support axle (Truck) must be aligned considering the already aligned drive axle as reference.

When checking vehicles equipped with 2 rear axles (6X4):



The procedure is the same as number 6X2 (truncated) described above, the rear axle alignment is restored by adjusting the length of the positioning rods of the 02 axles.

Geometry verification

4

Camber

 For the correct camber angle adjustment procedure, follow the guidelines in the manufacturer's manual.

Vehicles 386.0/3, 388.0/3, 682.0/1/3, 693.0/1/2/3, 694.0, 695.0, 696.0/3Camber

*BE40.20-B-1001-11A

Vehicles 979.0Camber

*BE40.20-B-1001-11F

Vehicle 958.0/1/2/4Camber

*BE40.20-B-1001-11G

5

Caster

 For the correct verification sequence procedure, refer to guidelines in the manufacturer's manual.

 For caster verification, front wheels must be steered 20° inward and 20° outward. Make sure brake is applied to front wheels to avoid turning during the steering, otherwise, it may result in reading error.

Vehicles 386.0/3, 388.0/3, 682.0/1/3, 693.0/1/2/3, 694.0, 695.0, 696.0/3Kingpin inclination

*BE40.20-B-1002-11A

Vehicles 979.0Kingpin inclination

*BE40.20-B-1002-11F

Vehicle 958.0/1/2/4Kingpin inclination

*BE40.20-B-1002-11G

6

Kingpin inclination

 For the correct verification sequence procedure, refer to guidelines in the manufacturer's manual.

 In the same way as in the caster angle verification, to check kingpin inclination angle, make sure brake is applied to the wheels steered 20° inward and outward, otherwise, it may result in angle reading error.

 When checking the Caster angle and kingpin inclination, as the wheels are steered 20° inward and 20° outward, it is also possible to verify the divergence angle on turns of the wheels steered outward. When one of the wheels is steered 20° inward, the wheel on the other side (steered outward) must have a steering angle higher than 20° = divergence angle. The values of the divergence angles are registered in the rotating plates.

 Differences in the values of divergence angle on turns in the left and right side indicate deformations in the steering arms, which determine the Ackerman quadrilateral; in this case, arms must be replaced.

Vehicles 386.0/3, 388.0/3, 682.0/1/3, 693.0/1/2/3, 694.0, 695.0, 696.0/3Caster

*BE40.20-B-1003-11A

Vehicles 979.0Caster

*BE40.20-B-1003-11F

Vehicle 958.0/1/2/4Caster

*BE40.20-B-1003-11G

7

Toe-in

 Measure the wheel alignment (toe-in) following guidelines in the manufacturer's manual.

 In case of a device that checks the toe-in starting from the central line of the vehicle regarding each front wheel, the total toe-in value will be the sum of the 02 wheels toe-in.
Ex.: Right side toe-in:
0.25 mm
+
Left side toe-in:
0.25 mm
Total toe-in: 0.50 mm

Vehicles 386.0/3, 388.0/3, 682.0/1/3, 693.0/1/2/3, 694.0, 695.0, 696.0/3Wheel alignment

*BE40.20-B-1004-11A

Vehicles 979.0Wheel alignment

*BE40.20-B-1004-11F

Vehicle 958.0/1/2/4Wheel alignment

*BE40.20-B-1004-11G

8

Maximum steering angle

 The maximum steering angle is obtained when the front wheels are totally steered to the right and left. These angle values are recorded in the scales of the rotating plates of the wheels on both sides and can be corrected by adjusting the length of the screws that limit the steering, located on both steering knuckles.

Vehicles 386.0/3, 388.0/3, 682.0/1/3, 693.0/1/2/3, 694.0, 695.0, 696.0/3Maximum steering angle

*BE40.20-B-1001-08A

Vehicles 979.0Maximum steering angle

*BE40.20-B-1001-08D

Vehicle 958.070Maximum steering angle

*BE40.20-B-1001-08F

Most common reading divergences of specified angle values of the steering geometry:



 Incorrect tires calibration.
Misalignment of the wheel aligner.
Incompatible programming for the vehicle in computerized aligners.
Operator lacks familiarity with the verification device.

Convergence angle

Number

Designation

Vehicles 682.0/103/107/108/181/186, 694.004/024

Vehicles 682.122/123/127/128/132/191/195/313/318, 693.023/028/081/127/144/171/184/185/186/191/195/298/328/348/386/388/396, 695.010/011/014/023/043/301/304

BE40.20-B-1001-08A

Maximum steering angle

Outer wheel (right)

graus

34 -1°

34 -1°

.

Inner wheel (left)

graus

47 1°

48 -2°

.

Convergence angle

Number

Designation

Vehicles 388.014/019/024/025/029/051/054/057/062/069/364/366/368, 693.154/193/194/196/197, 696.080/090/365/367/369

Vehicle 386.0/3

BE40.20-B-1001-08A

Maximum steering angle

Outer wheel (right)

graus

31°

36° (16 ton)

.

34° (17 ton)

Inner wheel (left)

graus

44°

47° (24 ton)

.

48° (23 ton)

Convergence angle

Number

Designation

Vehicle 979.023/026/028/046/048

Vehicles 979.013/016

BE40.20-B-1001-08D

Maximum steering angle

Outer wheel (right)

graus

35,5 (-1)

35° 30'

Inner wheel (left)

graus

52° (-1)

52°

Convergence angle

Number

Designation

Vehicle 979.076/078

BE40.20-B-1001-08D

Maximum steering angle

Outer wheel (right)

graus

34° (-1°)

Inner wheel (left)

graus

48° (-1°)

Convergence angle

Number

Designation

Chassis 958.070

BE40.20-B-1001-08F

Maximum steering angle

Tire 10.00 R 20 - 11.00 R 20 - 12.00 R 20 - 275/80 R 22.5

Outer wheel (right)

graus

32,5 -1°

Tire 10.00 R 20 - 11.00 R 20 - 12.00 R 20 - 275/80 R 22.5

Inner wheel (left)

graus

45,5 -1°

Tire 14.00 R 20

Outer wheel (right)

graus

29,2 -1°

Tire 14.00 R 20

Inner wheel (left)

graus

36 -1°

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 384.003/004/009; 694.004

Vehicles 682.102/103/107, 682.108

BE40.20-B-1001-11A

Camber

graus

1° (30')

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 386.043/045

Vehicles 682.313/318, 695.056

BE40.20-B-1001-11A

Camber

graus

1° (30')

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 386.064, 682.023/028/122, 682.127/132/133, 693.127

Vehicle 693.328/348

BE40.20-B-1001-11A

Camber

graus

1° (30')

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 696.090, 388.054/057

Vehicle 388.051

BE40.20-B-1001-11A

Camber

graus

1° (30')

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 695.304, 386.354

Vehicle 388.364

BE40.20-B-1001-11A

Camber

graus

1° (30')

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 388.366, 696.367

Vehicle 696.365

BE40.20-B-1001-11A

Camber

graus

1° (30')

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 693.028/108

Vehicle 695.011

BE40.20-B-1001-11A

Camber

graus

1° (30')

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 693.298/386/388/396

BE40.20-B-1001-11A

Camber

graus

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 979.046/048

Vehicle 979.073/076/078

BE40.20-B-1001-11F

Camber

graus

1° (30')

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 979.09

Vehicle 979.023/028

BE40.20-B-1001-11F

Camber

graus

1° (30')

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 979.013/016

BE40.20-B-1001-11F

Camber

graus

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.184/186 with front axle 733.861

Vehicles 958.20/43 4X2 with front axle 739.390

BE40.20-B-1001-11G

Camber

left hand side

°

1° (30')

0° 30' (30')

right hand side

°

1° (30')

0° 30' (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.25/44/46 6X2 with front axle 739.390

Vehicles 958.45 6X4 with front axle 739.390

BE40.20-B-1001-11G

Camber

left hand side

°

0° 30' (30')

0° 30' (30')

right hand side

°

0° 30' (30')

0°15' (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.260/264 6X4 with front axle 739.391

Vehicle 958.472 6X4 with front axle 739.412

BE40.20-B-1001-11G

Camber

left hand side

°

1° (30')

1° (30')

right hand side

°

1° (30')

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.471/472/478 6X4 with front axle 739.391

Vehicles 958.03/07/09 with front axle 733.894/895

BE40.20-B-1001-11G

Camber

left hand side

°

1° (30')

1° (30')

right hand side

°

1° (30')

1° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 384.003/004/009; 694.004

Vehicles 386.015/018, 682.022/027, 693.081

BE40.20-B-1002-11A

Kingpin inclination

graus

5° (30')

5° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 695.014/043

Vehicle 386.043/045

BE40.20-B-1002-11A

Kingpin inclination

graus

5° (30')

5° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 682.313/318, 695.056

Vehicles 386.064, 682.023/028/122, 682.127/132/133, 693.127

BE40.20-B-1002-11A

Kingpin inclination

graus

5° (30')

5° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 682.183

Vehicle 693.328/348

BE40.20-B-1002-11A

Kingpin inclination

graus

5° (30')

5° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 696.090, 388.054/057

Vehicles 695.304, 386.354

BE40.20-B-1002-11A

Kingpin inclination

graus

5° (30')

5° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 388.366, 696.367

Vehicle 693.298/386/388/396

BE40.20-B-1002-11A

Kingpin inclination

graus

5° (30')

5° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 979.046/048

Vehicle 979.073/076/078

BE40.20-B-1002-11F

Kingpin inclination

graus

9° 30' (30)

9° 30' (30)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 979.09

Vehicle 979.023/028

BE40.20-B-1002-11F

Kingpin inclination

graus

9° 30' (30)

9° 30' (30)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 979.013/016

BE40.20-B-1002-11F

Kingpin inclination

graus

9° 30' (30)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.184/186 with front axle 733.861

Vehicles 958.20/43 4X2 with front axle 739.390

BE40.20-B-1002-11G

Kingpin inclination

left hand side

°

9°30' (30')

7°15' (+15')

right hand side

°

9°30' (30')

7°45' (+15')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.25/44/46 6X2 with front axle 739.390

Vehicles 958.45 6X4 with front axle 739.390

BE40.20-B-1002-11G

Kingpin inclination

left hand side

°

7°15' (+15')

7°15' (+15')

right hand side

°

7°45' (+15')

7°45' (+15')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.260/264 6X4 with front axle 739.391

Vehicle 958.472 6X4 with front axle 739.412

BE40.20-B-1002-11G

Kingpin inclination

left hand side

°

5° (30')

5° (30')

right hand side

°

5° (30')

5° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.471/472/478 6X4 with front axle 739.391

Vehicles 958.03/07/09 with front axle 733.894/895

BE40.20-B-1002-11G

Kingpin inclination

left hand side

°

5° (30')

9°30' (30')

right hand side

°

5° (30')

9°30' (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 384.003/004/009; 694.004

Vehicles 386.015/018, 682.022/027, 693.081

BE40.20-B-1003-11A

Caster

graus

2° 20' (30')

2° 20' (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 386.043/045

Vehicles 682.313/318, 695.056

BE40.20-B-1003-11A

Caster

graus

1° 36' (30')

1° 47' (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 386.064, 682.023/028/122, 682.127/132/133, 693.127

Vehicle 682.183

BE40.20-B-1003-11A

Caster

graus

2° 09' (30')

2° 03' (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 693.328/348

Vehicles 696.080, 388.014/019

BE40.20-B-1003-11A

Caster

graus

1° 44' (30')

1° 48' (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 388.051

Vehicles 695.304, 386.354

BE40.20-B-1003-11A

Caster

graus

2° 04' (30')

1° 40' (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 388.364

Vehicle 695.011

BE40.20-B-1003-11A

Caster

graus

2° 10' (30')

0°26' (-11')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 693.184, 693.185/186-IC1, 693.186-IC2

Vehicle 693.298/386/388/396

BE40.20-B-1003-11A

Caster

graus

1° 45' (30')

1° 44' (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 979.046/048

Vehicle 979.073/076/078

BE40.20-B-1003-11F

Caster

graus

-0°45' ( 30')

-0°45' ( 0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 979.09

Vehicle 979.023/028

BE40.20-B-1003-11F

Caster

graus

-0°45' ( 0,5)

-0°45' ( 0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 979.013/016

BE40.20-B-1003-11F

Caster

graus

2° 30' (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.184/186 with front axle 733.861

Vehicles 958.20/43 4X2 with front axle 739.390

BE40.20-B-1003-11G

Caster

°

1,30° (30')

2°28' (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.25/44/46 6X2 with front axle 739.390

Vehicles 958.45 6X4 with front axle 739.390

BE40.20-B-1003-11G

Caster

°

1,30° (30')

1,30° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.260/264 6X4 with front axle 739.391

Vehicle 958.472 6X4 with front axle 739.412

BE40.20-B-1003-11G

Caster

°

2° (30')

1,30° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.471/472/478 6X4 with front axle 739.391

Vehicles 958.03/07/09 with front axle 733.894/895

BE40.20-B-1003-11G

Caster

°

1,30° (30')

1,30° (30')

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 386.015/018, 682.022/027, 693.081

Vehicle 386.043/045

BE40.20-B-1004-11A

Wheel alignment

mm

0 (0,5)

0 (0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 682.313/318, 695.056

Vehicle 682.183

BE40.20-B-1004-11A

Wheel alignment

mm

0 (0,5)

0 (0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 693.181

Vehicle 693.328/348

BE40.20-B-1004-11A

Wheel alignment

mm

1,00 (0,5)

1 (0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 694.020

Vehicles 696.080, 388.014/019

BE40.20-B-1004-11A

Wheel alignment

mm

1,00 (0,5)

0 (0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 696.090, 388.054/057

Vehicles 695.304, 386.354

BE40.20-B-1004-11A

Wheel alignment

mm

0 (0,5)

1,00 (0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 388.366, 696.367

Vehicles 388.368, 696.369

BE40.20-B-1004-11A

Wheel alignment

mm

0 (0,5)

0 (0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 693.028/108

Vehicle 695.010

BE40.20-B-1004-11A

Wheel alignment

mm

0 (0,5)

1 (0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 693.298/386/388/396

BE40.20-B-1004-11A

Wheel alignment

mm

1 (0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 979.046/048

Vehicle 979.073/076/078

BE40.20-B-1004-11F

Wheel alignment

mm

0,75 (  0,5)

0,75 ( 0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicle 979.09

Vehicle 979.023/028

BE40.20-B-1004-11F

Wheel alignment

mm

1,50 (  0,5)

0,75  0,5

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 979.013/016

BE40.20-B-1004-11F

Wheel alignment

mm

0  0,5

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.184/186 with front axle 733.861

Vehicles 958.20/43 4X2 with front axle 739.390

BE40.20-B-1004-11G

Wheel alignment

mm

1,00 (0,5)

1,00 (0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.25/44/46 6X2 with front axle 739.390

Vehicles 958.45 6X4 with front axle 739.390

BE40.20-B-1004-11G

Wheel alignment

mm

1,00 (0,5)

1,00 (0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.260/264 6X4 with front axle 739.391

Vehicle 958.472 6X4 with front axle 739.412

BE40.20-B-1004-11G

Wheel alignment

mm

1,00 (0,5)

1,00 (0,5)

Steering geometry

Number

Designation

Vehicles 958.471/472/478 6X4 with front axle 739.391

Vehicles 958.03/07/09 with front axle 733.894/895

BE40.20-B-1004-11G

Wheel alignment

mm

1,00 (0,5)

1,00 (0,5)